When did human life begin in ancient Egypt?

CAIRO – 9 October 2022: Humans were living in ancient Egypt long before 3000 BC. The oldest known human presence in the Nile Valley is detected at about 400,000 years ago, according to professor emeritus of geography at the Catholic University of Leuven Pierre Vermeersch's book "Sites of Life in the Paleolithic Age," issued by Leuven University Press, in 2000.

Moreover, Sally Katary, a professor of Egyptology at Laurentian University in Ontario, wrote in an article reported by Live Science and published in the “Encyclopedia of Ancient History” (Blackwell, 2013) that the history of agriculture in Egypt dates back to 5000 BC and that by 4100 BC permanent year-round agricultural villages were established in parts of Egypt.

Some settlements throughout the year eventually grew into cities. Naqada and Hierakonpolis (also known as Nekhen) became important urban centers between 3500 BC and 3000 BC.

Stephen Snape, professor Emeritus of Egyptian Archeology at the University of Liverpool in the United Kingdom, wrote in his 2014 book “The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt” that around 3100 BC, Egypt was united during the era of the pharaohs, and a writing system called hieroglyphs was established by the Egyptian priest Manetho. He mentioned that around the third century BC, the first ruler of a united Egypt was a king named Mina.